Muslim critics accuse it of promoting teachings that are not authentically Islamic. The Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League have accused it of being a black supremacist hate group that promotes racial prejudice towards white people, anti-semitism, and anti-LGBT rhetoric. The Nation has proven to be particularly successful at converting prisoners. In 2007, it was estimated to have 50,000 members. Farrakhan has continued to develop the NOI's beliefs, for instance by drawing connections with Dianetics, and expanding its economic and agricultural operations.īased in the United States, the Nation of Islam has also established a presence abroad, with membership open only to people of color. Members seeking to retain Elijah Muhammad's teachings re-established the Nation of Islam under Louis Farrakhan's leadership in 1977. Following Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son Warith Deen Mohammed took over the organization, moving it towards Sunni Islam and renaming it the World Community of Islam in the West. Deeming it a threat to domestic security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation worked to undermine the group. Attracting growing attention in the late 1950s and 1960s, the NOI's influence expanded through high-profile members such as the black nationalist activist Malcolm X and the boxer Muhammad Ali. He expanded the NOI's teachings and declared Fard Muhammad to be the latest Allah. After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. Wallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. Practitioners are expected to live highly disciplined lives, adhering to strict dress codes, specific dietary requirements, and patriarchal gender roles. Members worship in buildings called mosques or temples. A millenarian tradition, it maintains that Fard Muhammad will soon arrive aboard a spaceship, the "Mother Plane" or "Mother Ship," to wipe out the white race and establish a utopia. Setting itself against the white-dominated society of the United States, the NOI campaigns for the creation of an independent African American nation-state and calls for African Americans to be economically self-sufficient and separatist. The whites lacked inner divinity and were intrinsically violent they overthrew the Tribe of Shabazz and achieved global dominance. It maintains that a scientist named Yakub then created the white race. It claims that the first Allah created the earliest humans, the Arabic-speaking, dark-skinned Tribe of Shabazz, whose members possessed inner divinity and from whom all people of color are descended. The Nation teaches that there have been a succession of mortal gods, each a black man named Allah, of which Fard Muhammad is the most recent. It operates as a centralized and hierarchical organization. Scholars of religion characterise it as a new religious movement. While it identifies itself as promoting a form of Islam, its beliefs differ considerably from mainstream Islamic traditions. The Nation of Islam ( NOI) is a Muslim religious and political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930.Ī black nationalist organization, the NOI focuses its attention on the African diaspora, especially on African Americans.
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